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The Constitution of 1812 Bridge, also known like La Pepa Bridge (El puente de la Constitución de 1812 or Puente de La Pepa in Spanish), is a new bridge across the Bay of Cadiz, linking Cadiz with Puerto Real in mainland Spain. Cadiz's first bridge, the Carranza bridge, was inaugurated in 1969, and is now crossed by some 40,000 vehicles per day. In 1982 the Spanish government accepted the need for a second bridge. It will have two 180 m pylons, one in the sea and the other in Cabezuelas Harbour, a 540 meters span and a 69 meters of vertical clearance. The bridge also includes a 150 meters removal span. The bridge is actually on service. It is the second bridge that crosses over to Cádiz from the mainland, after Carranza bridge, and one of the highest bridges in Europe, with gauge of 69 meters and 5 kilometers in total length. It will be a suspension bridge with large towers: 187 meters of the sea and 181 meters of earth. Its the third access to the city, along with the isthmus San Fernando and the Carranza bridge. Given the large width of the board, it will be high capacity bridge: motorway with two lanes in each direction and two lanes reserved for metropolitan public transport such as the new tram system. The bill was drafted by the engineer of roads, canals and ports Javier Manterola. The works were scheduled for completion in 2012, coinciding with the bicentenary of the Spanish Constitution of 1812, which was written in Cádiz. However, due to cuts in public works required by the current economic crisis, the work is more than three years late. In summer 2013 the work had progressed but at a slower pace. Later, since early 2014 the work progressed at a good pace, highlighting the installation of its cable-stayed span and hiring more staff working every day (including night shifts). As of the first half of 2015, the bridge structure is completed, providing full completion in September of the same year.〔http://www.lavozdigital.es/cadiz-provincia/201508/09/puente-estreno-apertura-20150807215536-pr.html〕 As data highlights: * The earlier draft described a arch bridge whose total length was 2.355 km. * The total length of the current project, viaducts and links is 5 kilometers: 3096 meters on the bridge of which 1655 meters will be over the sea, with a main span of 540 meters record of Spain, with one hundred meters more than the bridge engineer Carlos Fernández Casado, famous engineer of roads, canals and ports, the reservoir Barrios de Luna. Besides the vain is the third largest in Europe suspended class, after Rio-Antirio Bridge and Normandy bridge. * The maximum height above the sea level is 69 meters, with two pylons 187 meters, making it one of the tallest bridges in Europe. * They are 30 meters higher than the pylons between both sides of the Bay. The bridge connects the neighborhood of San Pedro River to Puerto Real with slum of La Paz of Cadiz. == The construction project == The proposed construction of a new access to the city of Cadiz by a bridge over the Bay and has its starting point in the ''Order of Highways Studies'' during April 2003, which in turn took account of various studies from 1989. This projects aims was to respond to traffic congestion problems that have been suffering from the access to Cadiz from Puerto Real (Bridge José León de Carranza and CA-33). In the draft were studies for ''three riders'' that links the N-443 in the San Pedro Bay crossing access into Cádiz: * A. Northern Zone Cabezuela straight through Bay area reaching the shipyard in Cadiz, past the northern edge of spring Cabezuela. * B. The limit Shipyards factory in Matagorda, and after passing through the southern end of spring Cabezuela, describes an arc in the Bay to reach the area also Shipyards in Cádiz, thus saving the channel navigation, in order to reduce the junction depth. * C. Continued on the trace of the N-443, and when you reach the edge of the bay, on the southern edge of Astilleros de Matagorda, crosses S for describing a road connecting with the city in the Props area, connecting with the new diagonal Avenue and Bay. In all three cases a cross section separated by two lanes, shoulders and median lanes are envisioned. Regarding the crossing structure Bay, the three paths are designed in submerged tunnel. Moreover, in the "A" alternative solution fixed bridge large gauge was studied because it was the only one whose configuration permitted naturally, across a single alignment channel surfing and having a path straight admitting great light openings for the passage of ships. Similarly, three alternatives were studied bridge: archery, cable-stayed and suspension. The "A" alternative structure bridge for crossing the Bay was selected as the best solution for urban traffic on both banks of the Bay, the lowest investment also considered that nicely integrates both urban planning and landscape. Of the different types of bridge studied, the ''braced'' was selected as the lowest cost and the simplest structural concept. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「La Pepa Bridge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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